Yu Liu 1, Jin-Hui Yi 2, Peng-Yuan Wang 3, Peng Fu 4, Ying Kang 5, Teng Wang 2, Di Zhang 2, Xi-Hong Zhang 6, Jin-Jie Xu 2, Song-Lin Zhang 2, Pei-Dong Han 2, Fan Wang 2, Xiao-Yu Zhou 2, Jia-Sheng Feng 2, Jia-Jun Xu 2, Jia-Hao Qian 2, Dan Wang 2, Hui Chen 2, Run-Hui Liu 7, Fang-Yu Wang 8, Zhao-Shen Li 9, Liang-Hao Hu 10
1Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital; National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
2Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital; National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China.
3Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital; National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the 981st Hospital of PLA, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China.
4Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
5Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
6Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.
7Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
8Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
9Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital; National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China.
10Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital; National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Shuai Yuan 1 2, Ramaiyan Velmurugan 3, S Prasanna Bharathi 3
1Department of Urology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
2Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Pharmacology, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 601205, India.

Carlotta Nedbal 1 2, Clara Cerrato 1, Victoria Jahrreiss 1 3, Amelia Pietropaolo 1, Andrea Benedetto Galosi 2, Daniele Castellani 2, Bhaskar Kumar Somani 1
1Department of Urology, University Hospitals Southampton, NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
2Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Polytechnic University of Le Marche, Ancona, Italy.
3Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

S Güven 1, T Tokas 2, A Tozsin 3, B Haid 4, T S Lendvay 5, S Silay 6, V C Mohan 7, J R Cansino 8, S Saulat 9, M Straub 10, A Bujons Tur 11, B Akgül 3, J Samotyjek 12, L Lusuardi 13, S Ferretti 14, O F Cavdar 15, G Ortner 16, S Sultan 17, S Choong 18, S Micali 14, I Saltirov 19, A Sezer 20, C Netsch 21, E de Lorenzis 22, O O Cakir 23, G Zeng 24, A S Gozen 25, G Bianchi 14, B Jurkiewicz 12, T Knoll 26, J Rassweiler 27, K Ahmed 23 28 29, K Sarica 30 31
1Department of Urology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
2Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Athens, Greece.
3Department of Urology, Trakya University School of Medicine Hospital, Edirne, Turkey.
4Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Scwestern Hospital, Linz, Austria.
5Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
6Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
7Preeti Urology Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
8Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
9Department of Urology, Tabba Kidney Institute, Karachi, Pakistan.
10Department of Urology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
11Urology Department, Fundación Puigvert, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
12Pediatric Surgery and Urology Clinic CMKP in Dziekanów Leśny, Dziekanów Leśny, Poland.
13Department of Urology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg University Hospital, Urology, Salzburg, Austria.
14Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
15Department of Urology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
16Department of Urology, General Hospital Hall I.T, Tirol, Austria.
17Department of Urology, Menoufia University Hospitals, Shebeen El Kom, Egypt.
18Institute of Urology, University College Hospital, London, UK.
19Department of Urology and Nephrology at Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
20Pediatric Urology Clinic, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
21Asklepios Klinik BarmbekAbteilung Für Urologie, Hamburg, Germany.
22Department of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
23King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
24Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
25Department of Urology, Medius Clinic, Ostfildern, Germany.
26Klinikum Sindelfingen-Boeblingen, Sindelfingen, Germany.
27Department of Urology and Andrology, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
28Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
29Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
30Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
31Department of Urology, Biruni University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.

Kari A O Tikkinen 1, Sara V Tornberg 2, Jani Ruotsalainen 3, Borna Tadayon Najafabadi 4, Saana Horstia 3, Sakineh Hajebrahimi 5, Arto Mikkola 2, Mohamed Abdelkareem 6, Patrick O Richard 7, Kathrin Bausch 8, Sameer Parpia 9, Gordon H Guyatt 10, Philippe D Violette 11; APPEAL Trial Investigators
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and University Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Surgery, South Karelian Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland.
2Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and University Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
3Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
4Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
5Department of Urology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
6Urology Section, Surgery Department, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Faculty of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
7Division of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
8Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
9Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
10Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
11Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Surgery, Woodstock Hospital, Woodstock, Canada.

Guangchao Li, Peng Wang , Limei Wang, Zhen Li, Rui Ji, Hongbo Ren , Ning Zhong
Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Julio César Moreno-Alfonso 1, Borja Moraleda de Heredia 2, Ada Molina Caballero 3, Zaloa Amelibia Álvaro 2, Alberto Pérez Martínez 3
1Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Escuela de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
2Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
3Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.

Chi-Wei Chen , Wayne-Young Liu, Lan-Ying Huang, Yen-Wei Chu
1Graduate Degree Program of Smart Healthcare & Bioinformatics, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
2Doctoral Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
3Doctoral Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
4Doctoral Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, Taichung City, Taiwan; Ph. D Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Smart Sustainable New Agriculture Research Center (SMARTer), Taichung, 402, Taiwan.

Charalampos Mavridis 1 , Athanasios Bouchalakis 1 , Vasiliki Tsagkaraki 2 , Bhaskar Kumar Somani 3 , Charalampos Mamoulakis 1 , Theodoros Tokas 1
1Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
2Campus of Voutes, University of Crete Library, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
3Department of Urology, University Hospitals Southampton, NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
4Training and Research in Urological Surgery and Technology (T.R.U.S.T.)-Group, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.

Eleanor Brain 1 , Robert M Geraghty 2 3 , Lazaros Tzelves 4 , Panagiotis Mourmouris 4 , Nikolaos Chatzikrachtis 4 , Markos Karavitakis 4 , Andreas Skolarikos 4 , Bhaskar K Somani 5
1Newcastle Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
2Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
3Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
4Department of Urology, Sismanogleio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
5Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Nicolas Fernandez 1 , Jonathan S Ellison 2 , Zi Wang 3 , Jing Huang 3 , David I Chu 4 , Renea Sturm 5 , Andrew A Stec 6 , Ryan S Hsi 7 , Wayland Wu 8 , Caleb Nelson 9 , Christina Ching 10 , Brian Augelli 11 , Matt Lorenzo 11 , Jing Bi-Karchin 11 , Gregory E Tasian 12
1Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
2Children's Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
3Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
4Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Division of Urology. Chicago, IL.
5Mattel Children's Hospital, Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
6Division of Urology, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL.
7Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
8Division Pediatric Urology, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Long Island, NY.
9Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
10Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Department of Pediatric Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
11Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
12Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic

Emily C Serrell 1 , Ali Antar 2 , Eric Buinevicius 3 , Shuang Li 4 , Christopher Haas 5 , Margaret Knoedler 6 , Daniel Gralnek 7 , Kristina L Penniston 8 , Stephen Y Nakada 9
1Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
2Department of Urology, Tufts Medical Center, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

E Sitdykova M 1 , A Zubkov E 1 , Yu Zubkov A 1
FGBOU VO Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, Russia.

Adam D Maxwell 1 2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061.
2Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195.

Rupjyoti Talukdar 1 , Søren S Olesen 2 , Misbah Unnisa 1 , Akshay Bedarkar 1 , Subhaleena Sarkar 1 , Manu Tandan 1 , Nitin Jagtap 1 , Santosh Darisetty 3 , Sekhramantri Kiran 4 , Vinod Koppoju 4 , Sundeep Lakhtakia 1 , Mohan Ramchandani 1 , Rakesh Kalapala 1 , Rajesh Gupta 1 , Vikesh K Singh 5 , Guduru Venkat Rao 6 , Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy 1 , Asbjørn M Drewes 2
1Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India (R.T., M.U., A.B., S.S., M.T., N.J., S.L., M.R., R.K., R.G., D.N.R.).
2Centre for Pancreatic Diseases & Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (S.S.O., A.M.D.).
3Department of Anesthesia, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India (S.D.).
4Lithotripsy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India (S.K., V.K.).
5Pancreatitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland (V.K.S.).
6Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India (G.V.R.).

Daniel Paramythiotis 1 , Eleni Karlafti 2 , Angeliki Sevasti Kollatou 1 , Theodora Simou 3 , Xanthippi Mavropoulou 4 , Elisavet Psoma 4 , Vasileios Rafailidis 4 , Angeliki Papachristodoulou 4 , Nikoletta Pyrrou 4 , Aristeidis Ioannidis 1 , Stavros Panidis 1 , Antonios Michalopoulos 1
11st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
2Department of Emergency, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
31st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,, Thessaloniki, Greece.
4Department of Clinical Radiology, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Rabie M Ibrahim 1 , Osama Sayed 2 , Amr M Lotfy 2 , Hossam Sultan 2 , Akrm A Elmarakbi 2
1Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
2Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Beatriz Oliveira 1 , Bernardo Teixeira 2 , Martinha Magalhães 2 , Nuno Vinagre 2 , Avelino Fraga 2 , Vítor Cavadas 2
1Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
2Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.

Nishal Patel 1 2 , Brittany Stephenson-Smith 1 , Jay Roberts 3 , Akshay Kothari 1
1Department of Urology The Prince Charles Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia.
2Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia.
3Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia.

Orhun Sinanoglu 1 , Salih Yildirim 2 , Ferhat Yakup Suceken 3 , Fatih Bicaklioglu 4 , Mehmet Erhan Aydin 5 , Mehmet Uslu 6 , Ozgur Arikan 7 , Kemal Sarica 2 8
1Department of Urology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
2.Department of Urology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
3Department of Urology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
4Department of Urology, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
5Department of Urology, Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey.
6Department of Urology, Kafkas University Medical School, Kars, Turkey.
7Department of Urology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
8Biruni University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Shuai Yuan 1 2 , Ramaiyan Velmurugan 3 , S Prasanna Bharathi 3
1Department of Urology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
2Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
3Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 601205, India.

Keisuke Iwata 1 , Takuji Iwashita 2 , Tsuyoshi Mukai 3 , Yuhei Iwasa 1 , Mitsuru Okuno 1 , Kensaku Yoshida 4 , Akinori Maruta 4 , Shinya Uemura 2 , Ichiro Yasuda 5 , Masahito Shimizu 2
1Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.
2First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
3Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
4Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu 500-8717, Japan.
5Third Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.

Yusuf Arikan 1 , Mithat Eksi 2 , Ubeyd Sungur 2 , Mehmet Yoldas 3 , Mehmet Zeynel Keskin 3 , Zuhuratbaba Mh Tevfik 3 , Saglam Cd No 3
1Department of Urology, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
2Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
3Department of Urology, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

Nishal Patel 1 2 , Adrian Roe 1 , Donna Stanton 1 , Jay Roberts 3 , Akshay Kothari 1
1Department of Urology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
2Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
3Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Stefano DI Bari 1 , Giuseppe Stella 1 , Mattia Benedetti 1 , Michele Talso 2 3 , Alberto Saita 2 4 , Carlo Zaraca 1 , Riccardo Ferrari 1 , Pietro Acquati 2 5 , Riccardo Lombardo 2 6 , Stefania Ferretti 7 , Stefano Puliatti 1 , Luigi Cormio 2 8 , Salvatore Micali 9 2
1Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
2SIU working group: Urinary Stones and Endourology, Rome, Italy.
3Department of Urology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
4Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
5Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.
6Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
7Department of Urology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
8Department of Urology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
9Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Vincent De Coninck # 1 2 , Xavier Mortiers # 3 , Laura Hendrickx 3 , Stefan De Wachter 3 , Olivier Traxer 4 5 , Etienne X Keller 6 7
1Department of Urology, AZ Klina, Augustijnslei 100, 2930, Brasschaat, Belgium.
2Young Academic Urologists (YAU), Urolithiasis & Endourology Working Party, 6846, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
3Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Gebouw S, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
4GRC N°20, Groupe de Recherche Clinique Sur La Lithiase Urinaire, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
5Service d'Urologie, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
6Young Academic Urologists (YAU), Urolithiasis & Endourology Working Party, 6846, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
7Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
#Contributed equally.

Daniele Castellani 1 , Carlo Brocca 1 , Demetra Fuligni 1 , Carlo Giulioni 1 , Angelo Antezza 1 , Angelo Cormio 1 , Arianna Rubino 1 , Lucia Pitoni 1 , Virgilio De Stefano 1 , Giulio Milanese 1 , Luigi Cormio 2 3 , Bhaskar Kumar Somani 4 , Vineet Gauhar 5 , Andrea Benedetto Galosi 1
1Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
2Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
3Department of Urology, Bonomo Teaching Hospital, Andria, Italy.
4Department of Urology, University Hospitals Southampton, NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
5Department of Urology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Pilar Bahilo-Mateu 1 , Alberto Budia-Alba 1 2
1Lithotripsy and Endourology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
2Lithotripsy and Endourology Unit, Urology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.

Dongmei Liu # 1 , Junlong Liu # 1 , Zheming Li # 1 , Chengshan Ge 2 , Hongqiang Guo 2 , Shiyu Song 3 , Zhenhua Li 4 , Song Bai 5
1Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
2The Fifth Hospital of Liaoyang City, Liaoyang, China.
3Luhe Hospital of Yingkou City, Yingkou, China.
4Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
5Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
#Contributed equally.

Peter A Noble 1 , Blake D Hamilton 2 , Glenn Gerber 3
1Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
2School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
3University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America.

Lucía Diéguez 1 , Melissa Pilco 2 , Sofía Butori 1 , Andrés Kanashiro 1 , Josep Balaña 1 , Esteban Emiliani 1 , Bhaskar K Somani 3 , Oriol Angerri 1
1Department of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
2Department of Nephrology, Fundación Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
3Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 2HA, UK.

Athanasios Papatsoris 1 , Alberto Budia Alba 2 , Juan Antonio Galán Llopis 3 , Murtadha Al Musafer 4 , Mohammed Alameedee 5 , Hammad Ather 6 , Juan Pablo Caballero-Romeu 7 , Antònia Costa-Bauzá 8 , Athanasios Dellis 9 , Mohamed El Howairis 10 , Giovanni Gambaro 11 , Bogdan Geavlete 12 , Adam Halinski 13 , Bernhard Hess 14 , Syed Jaffry 15 , Dirk Kok 16 , Hichem Kouicem 17 , Luis Llanes 18 , Juan M Lopez Martinez 19 , Elenko Popov 20 , Allen Rodgers 21 , Federico Soria 22 , Kyriaki Stamatelou 23 , Alberto Trinchieri 24 , Christian Tuerk 25
12nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; U-merge Scientific Office.
2Urology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia.
3Department of Urology. General University Hospital Dr. Balmis, Alicante.
4University of Basrah, Basrah.
5Diwaniya Teaching Hospital.
6Aga Khan University, Karachi.
7Department of Urology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante.
8Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca.
92nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Academic Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens.
10Imperial college, London University, London.
11Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona.
12"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy & "Saint John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest.
13Private Medical Center "Klinika Wisniowa" Zielona Gora.
14Internal Medicine & Nephrology, KidneyStoneCenter Zurich, Klinik Im Park, Zurich.
15University Hospital Galway.
16Saelo Scientific Support, Oegstgeest.
17Private Clinic, Clinique Les Pins, Setif.
18Urology Department, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Madrid.
19Dept of Urology, University of Barcelona Clinic Hospital, Barcelona.
20Department of Urology, UMHAT "Tzaritza Yoanna-ISUL", Medical University, Sofia.
21University of Cape Town.
22Experimental Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid.
23MESOGEIOS Nephrology Center, Haidari Attica and NEPHROS.EU Private Clinic, Athens.
24School of Urology, University of Milan; U-merge Scientific Office.
25Urologic Department, Sisters of Charity Hospital and Urologic Praxis, Wien.

Sudarshan Seringapatam 1 , Linda Guan 2 , Caroline Baughn 2 , Hubert S Swana 2 3 , David B Bayne 4
1University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
2University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
3Department of Urology, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA.
4University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Mickael Palmier 1 , Tom Tenière 2
1Department of Vascular Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
2Department of Vascular Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.

Nimisha Singh 1 2 , Shikhar Agarwal 3 , Rajeev Sarpal 3
1General Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, IND.
2Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC) Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, IND.
3Urology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, IND.

Michaël Mel Henderickx 1 2 , Nora Hendriks 1 2 3 , A Carolien Bouma-Houwert 1 2 , Joyce Baard 1 2 , Guido M Kamphuis 1 2 , Hugo W Schuil 1 2 3 , Harrie P Beerlage 1 , D Martijn de Bruin 1 2 4
1Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
2Amsterdam Endourology Research Group (AERG), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
3Department of Urology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands.
4Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC , University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

I Giyasov Sh 1 2 , A Rakhimbaev A 1 2 , B Ziyayev I 1 2
1Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Urology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
2Tashkent Medical Academy.

Zhongfan Peng 1 , Mingjun Wen 2 , Yunfei Li 3 , Tao He 4 , Jiao Wang 5 , Taotao Zhang 6
1Hubei University of Medicine of Nursing, Shiyan, China.
2Hubei University of Medicine of Nursing, Shiyan, China.
3Shiyan people's Hospital Urology Centre, Shiyan, China.
4Shiyan people's Hospital Urology Centre, Shiyan, China.
5Shiyan people's Hospital, Shiyan, China.
6Hubei University of Medicine of Nursing, Shiyan, China.

Dor Golomb, Amir Cooper, Orit Raz
Department of Urology, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.
Central District, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Nikhil Bush 1 , Praneeth Chandragiri 2 , Nitish Ashok Gaurav 2 , Sneh Sonaiya 1 , Ila Lahooti 3 , Anmol Singh 1 , Abhinav Gupta 1 , Elham Afghani 1 , Georgios Papachristou 3 , Mouen A Khashab 1 , Peter J Lee 3 , Rupjyoti Talukdar 2 , Sundeep Lakhtakia 2 , Vikesh K Singh 1 , Samuel Han 3 , Manu Tandan 2 , Venkata S Akshintala 4
1Pancreatitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
2Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India.
3Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
4Pancreatitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Nick Lee 1 , Patricia Nadeau 1 , Mohamad Baker Berjaoui 2 , Anis Assad 3 , Ben Chew 4 , Kate Penniston 5 , Naeem Bhojani 3
1Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
2Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
3Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
4Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
5University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America.

Uta Michibata 1 , Mihoko Maruyama 2 3 , Yutaro Tanaka 1 4 , Masashi Yoshimura 5 , Hiroshi Y Yoshikawa 1 , Kazufumi Takano 6 , Yoshihiro Furukawa 7 , Koichi Momma 8 , Rie Tajiri 9 , Kazumi Taguchi 4 , Shuzo Hamamoto 4 , Atsushi Okada 4 , Kenjiro Kohri 4 , Takahiro Yasui 4 , Shigeyoshi Usami 1 , Masayuki Imanishi 1 , Yusuke Mori 1
1Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
2Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
3Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5, Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
4Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho- cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
5Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
6Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5, Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
7Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
8National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan.
9Tajiri Thin Section Laboratory, 3-1-11 Sannose, Higashiosaka, 577-0849, Osaka, Japan.

Patrick Juliebø-Jones, Lazaros Tzelves, Christian Beisland, Ingunn Roth, Bhaskar K Somani
EAU YAU Endourology Group, Arnhem, Netherlands.
Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Second Department of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.

Chi-Fai Ng , Chi Hang Yee, Jeremy Y C Teoh, Peter K F Chiu, Angel W Y Kong, Becky S Y Lau, Steven C H Leung, Ka Tak Wong, Winnie C W Chu
Department of Surgery, SH Ho Urology Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Department of Imaging and Intervention Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

Biasiori-Poulanges L, Lukić B, Supponen O.
Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble F-38043, France.
Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.

Sindhu Sankaran 1 , Andrew Winterbottom 2 , Oliver Wiseman 1
Department of Urology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Clinical Radiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Naveen Kumar, Shitangsu Kakoti, Kashif Rizvi 

Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, Bihar, India.Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, Bihar, India.

Dor Golomb, Amir Cooper, Orit Raz
Department of Urology, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.
Clalit Health Services, Central District, Israel.

Kadir Karkin, Mubariz Aydamirov, Buğra Aksay, Eyüp Kaplan, Güçlü Gürlen
Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training And Research Hospital Urology Clinic, Adana, TUR.
Department of Urology, Başkent University, Alanya Application and Research Center, Antalya, TUR.
Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic, Adana, TUR.
Department of Urology, Abdulkadir Yüksel State Hospital Urology Clinic, Gaziantep, TUR.

Satoshi Yamamoto, Kazuo Inui, Yoshiaki Katano, Hironao Miyoshi, Takashi Kobayashi, Yoshihiko Tachi
From the Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya.
Department of Gastroenterology, Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya.
Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan.

Qin Wang, Yu Wang, Chao Yang, Jinwei Wang, Xiao-Chun Zhang, Luxia Zhang, Ming-Hui Zhao
Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. 
Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, China.
Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.

Ali Kaan Yildiz, Ahmet Varan, Hakan Kurt, Omer Gokhan Doluoglu, Berat Cem Ozgur
Department of Urology, University of Medical Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Alper Coşkun 1 , Utku Can 1
Urology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Sung Yong Cho, Hyeji Park, Jae Suk Park , Seong Chan Kim, Oh Bin Kwon, Hyun Jae Song, Min Joo Choi
Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.

Mohamed Samir 1 , Abdelrahim Galaleldine 2 , Tarek El-Zayat 2 , Noha Diaa Eldin 2 , Mahmoud A Mahmoud 2 , Diaa Mostafa 2
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

M A Elbaset, Diaa-Eldin Taha, Marwan Anas, Ahmed Elghareeb, Rasha T Abouelkheir, Rawdy Ashour, K Z Sheir, Yasser Osman
Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Urology Department, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt. 
Urology Department, KafrELshiekh University, KafrELshiekh, Egypt.
Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Radiology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Tandan M, Pal P, Reddy DN.
Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, TG 500082, India.
Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, TG 500082, India.

Chi-Fai Ng, Chi-Hang Yee, Jeremy Y C Teoh, Peter Ka-Fung Chiu, Angel Wy Kong, Becky Sy Lau, Chi Ho Leung, Ka-Tak Wong, Winnie Chu
Department of Surgery, SH Ho Urology Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Department of Imaging and Intervention Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong

Almeras C, Abid N, Meria P; lithiasis committee of the French Association of Urology (CLAFU).
UroSud, clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, Paris, France.
Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Service d'urologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP-Centre Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Faddan AA, Najieb O, Gadelkareem RA.
Assiut Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Health Insurance Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mallawy, Egypt.

Owen K, Joe W, Ivander A, Palgunadi IN, Adhyatma KP.
Bangli General Hospital, Bangli, Indonesia (K.O.). Electronic address: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
Regional Public Hospital dr.M. Thomsen Nias, Gunungsitoli, Indonesia (W.J.).
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia (A.I.).
Urology Division, Bangli General Hospital, Bangli, Indonesia (I.P.).
Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia (K.P.A).

Qiu M, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Liang T, Chen J, Gao H.
Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China,
Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.

Jiang C, He L, Huang D, Ke C. Asian J Surg.
Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District Chengdu, 610100, China.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District Chengdu, 610100, China.
Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650101, China.

Radwan AI, Saif AMI, Samir YR, Maged WA, Gamal MA.
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Mustafa G, Mahar NA, Qureshi HH, Mustafa M, Fayaz M, Hassan AS.
Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.

Holmes AE, Chew BH, Laughlin R, Buckley J, Kiewice E, Dancel MJ, Blasko D, Wong VKF, Halawani A, Koo KC, Corl D, Fasolo P, Levy O, Thiel J, Bailey MR, Eichman J, Meegan JM, Haulena M.
Dept. of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
The Mirage Hotel, Hard Rock International, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
SonoMotion, Inc, San Mateo, CA, USA.
Ctr. for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Lab, Univ. of Washington, Washington, USA.
Dept. of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ctr. for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Lab, Univ. of Washington, Washington, USA.
National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.
Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Wong T, Pattarapuntakul T, Netinatsunton N, Ovartlarnporn B, Sottisuporn J, Yaowmaneerat T, Attasaranya S, Cattapan K, Sripongpun P.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.

Nedjim SA, Biyouma MDC, Kifle AT, Ziba OJD, Mahamat MA, Idowu NA, Mbwambo OJ, Cassel A, Douglas A, Kalli M, Gebreselassie KH, Khalid A, Wadjiri MM, Hoby R, Muhawenimana E, Marebo TS, Ngwa-Ebogo TT, Salissou M, Adoumadji K, Nzeyimana I, Odzèbe AWS, Barry MI, Rimtebaye K, Choua O, Niang L, Honoré B, Samnakay S, Bowa K, Lazarus J, Coulibaly N, Ndoye AK, Makon ASN, Aboutaieb R.
Modern Urology For Africa*, Casablanca, Morocco. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
Modern Urology For Africa*, Casablanca, Morocco.
Hôpital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon.
PCEA Chogoria Hospital, Chogoria, Kenya.
Centre Hospitalier National Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Hôpital Général de Référence Nationale, Ndjamena, Chad.
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia.
University of Cape Coast College of Health and Allied Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Usmanu Danfodiyo University College of Health Sciences, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou MAGA, Cotonou, Benin.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Antananarivo, Anatananarivo, Madagascar.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kamenge, Bujumbura, Burundi.
Bamenda Regional Hospital, Bamenda, Cameroon.
Hôpital Amirou Boubacar Diallo, Niamey, Niger.
Hôpital La Rénaisssance, N'djamena, Chad.
Centre Hospitalier Et Universitaire de Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo.
Hôpital National Ignace Deen, Conakry, Equatorial Guinea.
Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Senegal.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point G, Bamako, Mali.
Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
University Hospital Medical Center at Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal.
University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco.

Gurav N, Jagtap N, Koppoju V, Sekhramantri K, Asif S, Tandan M, Lakhtakia S, Kalapala R, Ramchandani M, Talukdar R, Basha J, Nabi Z, Memon SF, Darisetty S, Rao GV, Reddy DN.
Department of Medical Gastroenterology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.
Department of Gastrointestinal Anaesthesia, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.
Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.

Alharbi AS, Gameraddin M, Gareeballah A, Shrwani ZJ, Sindi MA, Alsaedi HI, Qurashi AA, Aloufi KM, Alshamrani AFA, Alzain AF.
Medical Imaging Department, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah 42210, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum 13311, Sudan.
Medical Imaging Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia.

Marino F, Rossi F, Murri R, Sacco E.
Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Urology, Ospedale Isola Tiberina - Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy.
Department of Infectious Disease, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Safdari A, Khazaei S, Biglarkhani M, Mousavibahar SH, Borzou SR.
Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Urology & Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Srirangapatanam S, Guan L, Baughn C, Swana HS, Bayne DB.
University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
Department of Urology, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA.
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Liu B, Pan S, Wang L, Bai S, Liu D.
Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
#Contributed equally.

Kovačević Prstojević J, Hasanbegović M, Alić J, Mišanović V, Lujinović A, Metović A, Krupić F, Miličić Pokrajac D, Hadžimuratović A, Zečević Pašić L.
Urology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH.
Pediatric Critical Care, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH.
Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH.
Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH.
Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWE.
Pediatric Nephrology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH.
Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH.

Bandac AC, Ristescu AI, Costache CR, Bobeica RL, Pantilimonescu TF, Onofrei P Sr, Radu VD.
Urology, C.I. Parhon University Hospital, Iasi, ROU.
Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, ROU.
Urology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, ROU.
Morphofunctional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, ROU.
Urology, Elytis Hope Hospital, Iasi, ROU.

Ordon M, Powers AL, Chew BH, Lee JY, Kogon M, Sivalingam S, De S, Bhojani N, Andonian S.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Division of Urology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Division of Urology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Yan K, Wu H, Luo E.

Ibrahim RM, Elzawy F, Ragheb AM, Elmarakbi AA, Sayed O, Lotfy AM, Youssef A, Badwy HF, Mohamed AG.
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.

Yamamoto S, Inui K, Katano Y, Miyoshi H, Kobayashi T, Tachi Y.
From the Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya.
Department of Gastroenterology, Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya.
Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan.

Kallidonis P, Peteinaris A, Veneziano D, Pietropaolo A, Pagonis K, Adamou C, Vagionis A, Al-Aown A, Liatsikos E, Somani B.
Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rion, Patras, Greece.
Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
School of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell University, New York, USA.
Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
5Department of Urology, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
6Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Lin JH, Yang T, Lv YW, Li ZS, Hu LH.
Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Dalal A, Kamat N, Maydeo A, Patil G, Vadgaonkar A, Parekh S, Vora S.
Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

Kamal W, Azhar RA, Hamri SB, Alathal AH, Alamri A, Alzahrani T, Abeery H, Noureldin YA, Alomar M, Al Own A, Alnazari MM, Alharthi M, Awad MA, Halawani A, Althubiany HH, Alruwaily A, Violette P.
Department of Urology, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Specialized Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital (Swaidi), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, ON, Canada.
Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Taibah university, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA.
Department of Urology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Woodstock General Hospital, London Ontario, Canada.
McMaster University, London Ontario, Canada.

Minguez Ojeda C, Laso García I, López Curtis D, Duque Ruiz G, Mata Alcaraz M, Santiago González M, Artiles Medina A, Hevia Palacios M, Arias Fúnez F, Burgos Revilla FJ.
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid. Spain.
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid. Spain.

Maxwell AD, Kim GW, Furrow E, Lulich JP, Torre M, MacConaghy B, Lynch E, Leotta DF, Wang YN, Borofsky MS, Bailey MR.
Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Alsmadi J.
Department of General Surgery and Anesthesia, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.

Okada T, Hamamoto S, Taguchi K, Okada S, Inoue T, Ando R, Okada A, Yasui T
Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
Department of Urology, Gyotoku General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Urology, Hara Genitourinary Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.

Wu G, Ying X, Shen C, Gao K, Ren Y, Luo Z. A

He KJ, Jin LL, Hu LZ, Yan X.
Pediatric Urolith Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China

Gabrigna Berto F, Wang P, McClure JA, Bjazevic J, Golomb D, Filler G, Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris M, Welk B, Razvi H, Dave S.
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Surgery and Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
Urology Department, Assuta Ashdod Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Surgery and Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Gökce Mİ, Güven S, Petkova K, Tefik T, İbiş MA, Sönmez G, Gadzhiev N, Kiremit MC, Karagöz MA, Villa L, Sarıca K.
Department of Urology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Sancak Mahallesi Turan Güneş Bulvarı, 39/23, Çankaya, 06550, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Urology, NEÜ Meram Medicine Faculty, Konya, Turkey.
Department of Urology and Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Urology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Sancak Mahallesi Turan Güneş Bulvarı, 39/23, Çankaya, 06550, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Urology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Urology, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascıoglu City Hospital Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Department of Urology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Fadallah M, Abdelhalim A, Hashem A, Mortada WI, Ibrahim HAM, Sheir KZ, Harraz AM, El-Kenawy MR, El-Nahas AR
Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Urology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Laboratory Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Golomb D, Cooper A, Raz O.
Department of Urology, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.
Clalit Health Services, Central District, Israel.

Saleem N, Patel F, Watkins JL, McHenry L, Easler JJ, Fogel EL, Gromski MA, Lehman GA, Sherman S, Tong Y, Bick BL.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 University Blvd, Suite UH1602, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5250, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 University Blvd, Suite UH1602, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5250, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Qin CP, Wang F, DU YQ, Zhang XW, Li Q, Liu SJ, Xu T.
Department of Urology, Peking Univesity People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.

Basuguy E, Önen A, Azizoğlu M, Okur MH, Aydoğdu B, Arslan S.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Balıkesir University Medical School, Balıkesir. Turkey.

Yi JH, Li ZS, Hu LH.
Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Mosquera Seoane L, Ortiz Salvador JB, Budia Alba A, Perez Fentes DA.
Servicio de Urología, Complexo Hospitalario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña,España.
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Espana.
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Espana.

Nedbal C, Cerrato C, Jahrreiss V, Pietropaolo A, Galosi AB, Castellani D, Somani BK.
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, 7425, Urology, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, 7425, Urology, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trum.st, 7425, Urology, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, 7425, Urology, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona Umberto I G M Lancisi G Salesi, 18494, Urology, Via Conca, Ancona, Marche, Italy, I-60100.
Polytechnic University of Marche, 9294, Ancona, Italy, 60121;
AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, 18494, via conca 71, Ancona, Italy, 60126;
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, 7425, Urology, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland